Sometimes we feel irritated, when accessing the web on the internet are often long and sometimes jammed. In this article will discuss why this happens and how to build the future of the internet in order to guarantee Quality of Services (QoS) bagus.Internet become a worldwide commercial network and data becomes the basis for electronic commerce and the public can manage the data service including intranet. Increase the number of customer, the connection speed was faster, increasing backbone traffic and the emergence of new applications has made the Internet become an important element in the modern world of communications. To keep competitive, network operators and internet service provider (ISP) must be memcahkan two main issues: increasing backbone traffic demmand a continuous and provide Quality of Service (QoS) which is good for traffic. Two approaches have emerged to solve the problem of adding a continuous internet traffic. The first, IP switching, can solve the problem by using a router slow switching faster;
second approach is to develop a faster router. IP Switching is a technique to make the IP more quickly. IP switching in the internet raise some issues that do not exist when teknolgi is used on the LAN ie issues such as scaling and the number of virtual circuit is required. There are two stages in the process of IP routing:
make a routing decision (eg to determine the route IP packet that must be followed to achieve the host dituju) and IP Packet forwarding. IP switching attempt to reduce the time taken from the two stages is the way of determining the route is done once and use the ATM or frame relay switching for the forwarding hardware. IP packet can be transmitted end-to-end directly through the switching hardware, and meminisasi the burden of performing time-consuming routing look-ups. Flow can be determined by the source application or source router, or by the observation (such as, in the middle of the network by combining the IP switch router, IP switch software and switch hardware). Ipsilon is the first company who introduce IP switch. Routernya is a Pentium-class PC that can do approach to observation, initiate acting as channels in the IP data flow. However, once the router is free to recognize that this is a consistency in the IP packet flow, classify data streams such as IP Flow. Router and then use a protocol called
Generic Switch Management Protocol (GSMP) instruct the next ATM switching hardware to set up a circuit between the ATM switch and the adjacent point router circuit identifier that is used. Final, the router informs the downstream and Upstream Neighbors to place future IP datagram that matches the flow into a specific circuit. This approach is very suitable for wireless networks or small-scale needs such as a separate virtual channel (for example the file transfer). Alternative approaches to improve the speed IP packet through frame relay or ATM network has been developed by Cascade Communication. Called IP Navigator, which allows the integration of high-speed routing with a wide-area switching capability with the Internet as well as future generations (in terms of QoS and Virtual Private Network). IP Navigator provides bandwidth management and low latency across the core of the network (such as connection-oriented telephone network) offers a standard connectionless IP interface. Some companies that have
form the Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) working together in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is developing a standard IP switching to this alternative. In the proposed standard, ATM or frame relay infrastructure to create predefined circuit of each switch to every other switch in the network. IP Packet when entering the network, the first switch form a route look-up circuit to determine which will be used to send the packet to the switch end, then send the packet on the link with the appropriate label to identify the circuit, the exact format of the label This depends on ATM or frame relay is used. Switch between source and destination to see only the layer 2 frame-relay
or ATM-layer label to determine the next hop. This mechanism is relatively simple, inexpensive, and frame relay and ATM switch that can quickly bring IP packet through the network efficiently. Now, commercially available ATM switch can carry 10 million IP packets / s dibandingakan
with 1 million packets / s are commonly used router.
This router is now the industry is developing the latest generation of very high speed router.
Although the change, usually the router using Application Specific Integrated circuits
(ASICs). ASIC expensive to develop but cheap to produce.
Providing INTERNET QoS
Now is the internet to send data using what is known 'best-effort' delivery. Mean
sederhananya is no guarantee whether the packet is completely up to the purpose or not.
Internet backbone network is already with the data overload and the average packet loss of
30%.
Higher layer protocols, like TCP, is responsible for ensuring accuracy of data and mendeliver
appropriate order between source and destination; TCP works by sending back the lost data. This
have resulted in additional delay between the source and destination, the internet does not make it suitable for
delay-sensitive applications such as high quality voice or video-conferencing.
The reason for the low-QoS on the Internet because: the application is the first e-mail and file transfer
that is not sensitive to delay. With the emergence of the web browser in 1992 to change position
, and also with the added meledaknya number of Internet users, the duration of a user
connect to the Internet and the size of the speed of response time expectations.
Akan internet bandwidth demand continues to grow pertahun estimated 400% since 1992. When
This trend continues to grow as expected, the total data on the internet will exceed the existing data on
telephone network in 2001.
Customers with the hope of the intranet will be used for information sharing within the
company, the user needs will require reliability and predictability. Appropriate history, private
data network was built using the Leased Line to provide a performance guarantee,
avaibility and security. Recently, the frame relay and ATM virtual connection has been used by
'Virtual Leased lines'. However, that competitive with the Leased Line (pisik or virtual),
Internet adapat mendeliver must meet the QoS spek.
The concept that one is: QoS capability can be obtained simply through over-building
Internet backbone network with sufficient bandwidth guarantees to all applications. This
not satisfactory for the following reasons:
¨ Cost of backbone bandwidth: dibanyak parts of the world, bandwidth is a resource that is expensive
which prevent the addition of backbone capacity.
¨ Rate adaptive TCP: TCP adapt itself to use the bandwidth of any
available between source and destination. This means that although the addition of bandwidth akan
increase the performance that does not provide QoS guarantee for individual connections.
Increase in ACCESS SPEED
Today, many internet users are limited to dial the ISP network to 28.8 kb / s or more
low. Various Digital Subscriber Line technology (DSL) is being introduced with
speed access to hundreds of kb / s to several Mb / s. This technology will be useless because of
bottleneck due to the modem and the number of traffic that is sent to the Internet backbone. Way
better to guarantee QoS is implemented as a combination of technology
following:
¨ Billing: To prevent the request from high-quality services when best-effort
insufficient, they should be charged different. Pemisahaan require billing rates
system that can identify when high-quality level of service requested and they have
use.
¨ Bandwidth and delay priority reservation: QoS bandwidth request is for sure (and delay priority
including in it) and the time is reserved for a session visit path between source and
purpose. This is known as traffic contract.
¨ Policing: melibihi when the user send data traffik permitted by contract, the network
requires the ability to remove the excess data, or mark the excess is
with low priority.
¨ Priority Queuing: every router between source and destination must be the demand
QoS flow of traffic on each queue and the traffic is worth to find so
delay parameters of the traffic contract.
Packet Processing Capability
All routers between the source and destination need the ability to process the packet on
high speed. This service should have all the frame relay and ATM Switches, and as this
basic platform that will come to traffic menghandle internet that will combine
switching and routing. Some ISP's now have the infrastructure and switching
routing the combined offer basic QoS guarantees to provide both best-effort
Internet and Leased-line equivalents in common infrastructur. While this is the first step
useful, there are only keterbatasanya only guarantee the QoS for the source and destination
dilayanai by the same ISP. Since a lot of internet traffic through many ISPs, the capability of widespread
QoS on the Internet requires coordination in several areas:
¨ Upgrading Existing equipment at each ISP equipment for switching / routing
so that it can perform billing, bandwidth reservation, Policing, Queuing priority and fast
packet processing.
¨ Standards methods do bandwidth reservation through a different ISP. Resource
Reservation Protocol (RSVP) are being seriously attempted to provide the capability
it.
¨ Defining a method of identifying the ISP without QoS-capable equipment when
make the selection path between source and destination. For this reason end-to-end QoS will not be
generally available on the internet for several years. Up to each ISP
implementing QoS.
Conclusion
The Internet continues to grow is a challenge ISP and network operator to combine
future traffic demand and QoS features that are expected. Equipment that will be used to
build the future of the internet will combine QoS-capable switching and high-speed
routing capability in one platform.
http://www.geocities.com/setyolia
second approach is to develop a faster router. IP Switching is a technique to make the IP more quickly. IP switching in the internet raise some issues that do not exist when teknolgi is used on the LAN ie issues such as scaling and the number of virtual circuit is required. There are two stages in the process of IP routing:
make a routing decision (eg to determine the route IP packet that must be followed to achieve the host dituju) and IP Packet forwarding. IP switching attempt to reduce the time taken from the two stages is the way of determining the route is done once and use the ATM or frame relay switching for the forwarding hardware. IP packet can be transmitted end-to-end directly through the switching hardware, and meminisasi the burden of performing time-consuming routing look-ups. Flow can be determined by the source application or source router, or by the observation (such as, in the middle of the network by combining the IP switch router, IP switch software and switch hardware). Ipsilon is the first company who introduce IP switch. Routernya is a Pentium-class PC that can do approach to observation, initiate acting as channels in the IP data flow. However, once the router is free to recognize that this is a consistency in the IP packet flow, classify data streams such as IP Flow. Router and then use a protocol called
Generic Switch Management Protocol (GSMP) instruct the next ATM switching hardware to set up a circuit between the ATM switch and the adjacent point router circuit identifier that is used. Final, the router informs the downstream and Upstream Neighbors to place future IP datagram that matches the flow into a specific circuit. This approach is very suitable for wireless networks or small-scale needs such as a separate virtual channel (for example the file transfer). Alternative approaches to improve the speed IP packet through frame relay or ATM network has been developed by Cascade Communication. Called IP Navigator, which allows the integration of high-speed routing with a wide-area switching capability with the Internet as well as future generations (in terms of QoS and Virtual Private Network). IP Navigator provides bandwidth management and low latency across the core of the network (such as connection-oriented telephone network) offers a standard connectionless IP interface. Some companies that have
form the Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) working together in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is developing a standard IP switching to this alternative. In the proposed standard, ATM or frame relay infrastructure to create predefined circuit of each switch to every other switch in the network. IP Packet when entering the network, the first switch form a route look-up circuit to determine which will be used to send the packet to the switch end, then send the packet on the link with the appropriate label to identify the circuit, the exact format of the label This depends on ATM or frame relay is used. Switch between source and destination to see only the layer 2 frame-relay
or ATM-layer label to determine the next hop. This mechanism is relatively simple, inexpensive, and frame relay and ATM switch that can quickly bring IP packet through the network efficiently. Now, commercially available ATM switch can carry 10 million IP packets / s dibandingakan
with 1 million packets / s are commonly used router.
This router is now the industry is developing the latest generation of very high speed router.
Although the change, usually the router using Application Specific Integrated circuits
(ASICs). ASIC expensive to develop but cheap to produce.
Providing INTERNET QoS
Now is the internet to send data using what is known 'best-effort' delivery. Mean
sederhananya is no guarantee whether the packet is completely up to the purpose or not.
Internet backbone network is already with the data overload and the average packet loss of
30%.
Higher layer protocols, like TCP, is responsible for ensuring accuracy of data and mendeliver
appropriate order between source and destination; TCP works by sending back the lost data. This
have resulted in additional delay between the source and destination, the internet does not make it suitable for
delay-sensitive applications such as high quality voice or video-conferencing.
The reason for the low-QoS on the Internet because: the application is the first e-mail and file transfer
that is not sensitive to delay. With the emergence of the web browser in 1992 to change position
, and also with the added meledaknya number of Internet users, the duration of a user
connect to the Internet and the size of the speed of response time expectations.
Akan internet bandwidth demand continues to grow pertahun estimated 400% since 1992. When
This trend continues to grow as expected, the total data on the internet will exceed the existing data on
telephone network in 2001.
Customers with the hope of the intranet will be used for information sharing within the
company, the user needs will require reliability and predictability. Appropriate history, private
data network was built using the Leased Line to provide a performance guarantee,
avaibility and security. Recently, the frame relay and ATM virtual connection has been used by
'Virtual Leased lines'. However, that competitive with the Leased Line (pisik or virtual),
Internet adapat mendeliver must meet the QoS spek.
The concept that one is: QoS capability can be obtained simply through over-building
Internet backbone network with sufficient bandwidth guarantees to all applications. This
not satisfactory for the following reasons:
¨ Cost of backbone bandwidth: dibanyak parts of the world, bandwidth is a resource that is expensive
which prevent the addition of backbone capacity.
¨ Rate adaptive TCP: TCP adapt itself to use the bandwidth of any
available between source and destination. This means that although the addition of bandwidth akan
increase the performance that does not provide QoS guarantee for individual connections.
Increase in ACCESS SPEED
Today, many internet users are limited to dial the ISP network to 28.8 kb / s or more
low. Various Digital Subscriber Line technology (DSL) is being introduced with
speed access to hundreds of kb / s to several Mb / s. This technology will be useless because of
bottleneck due to the modem and the number of traffic that is sent to the Internet backbone. Way
better to guarantee QoS is implemented as a combination of technology
following:
¨ Billing: To prevent the request from high-quality services when best-effort
insufficient, they should be charged different. Pemisahaan require billing rates
system that can identify when high-quality level of service requested and they have
use.
¨ Bandwidth and delay priority reservation: QoS bandwidth request is for sure (and delay priority
including in it) and the time is reserved for a session visit path between source and
purpose. This is known as traffic contract.
¨ Policing: melibihi when the user send data traffik permitted by contract, the network
requires the ability to remove the excess data, or mark the excess is
with low priority.
¨ Priority Queuing: every router between source and destination must be the demand
QoS flow of traffic on each queue and the traffic is worth to find so
delay parameters of the traffic contract.
Packet Processing Capability
All routers between the source and destination need the ability to process the packet on
high speed. This service should have all the frame relay and ATM Switches, and as this
basic platform that will come to traffic menghandle internet that will combine
switching and routing. Some ISP's now have the infrastructure and switching
routing the combined offer basic QoS guarantees to provide both best-effort
Internet and Leased-line equivalents in common infrastructur. While this is the first step
useful, there are only keterbatasanya only guarantee the QoS for the source and destination
dilayanai by the same ISP. Since a lot of internet traffic through many ISPs, the capability of widespread
QoS on the Internet requires coordination in several areas:
¨ Upgrading Existing equipment at each ISP equipment for switching / routing
so that it can perform billing, bandwidth reservation, Policing, Queuing priority and fast
packet processing.
¨ Standards methods do bandwidth reservation through a different ISP. Resource
Reservation Protocol (RSVP) are being seriously attempted to provide the capability
it.
¨ Defining a method of identifying the ISP without QoS-capable equipment when
make the selection path between source and destination. For this reason end-to-end QoS will not be
generally available on the internet for several years. Up to each ISP
implementing QoS.
Conclusion
The Internet continues to grow is a challenge ISP and network operator to combine
future traffic demand and QoS features that are expected. Equipment that will be used to
build the future of the internet will combine QoS-capable switching and high-speed
routing capability in one platform.
http://www.geocities.com/setyolia
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